Composting is a simple, effective way to reduce waste and give back to the environment. Instead of throwing away kitchen scraps and yard clippings, you can turn them into nutrient-rich fertilizer for your garden. This eco-friendly practice helps cut down on landfill waste, lowers greenhouse gas emissions, and creates healthier soil for your plants.

Whether you're a gardening enthusiast or just looking to make more sustainable choices at home, composting is a rewarding habit to adopt. Plus, with the right tools and a little guidance, anyone can become a composting expert.

Let’s explore the basics of composting, methods for easy composting at home, and how it can make a big difference in your home and garden.

Understanding Composting

What is composting? It’s the natural process of breaking down organic materials like food scraps, yard waste, and paper into a nutrient-rich substance called (you guessed it): compost. Microorganisms, worms, and fungi work together to decompose these materials, turning them into a dark, crumbly soil amendment that plants love.

Benefits of Composting

Composting offers a variety of benefits for your home and the environment:

Reduces waste: By composting, you divert organic materials from landfills, where they would otherwise release harmful greenhouse gases like methane as they decompose.
Improves soil health: Adding compost to your garden enriches the soil with essential nutrients, boosts water retention, and promotes plant growth.
Cuts costs: Composting reduces the need for store-bought fertilizers, saving you trips to the nursery and money.
Supports sustainability: When you compost, you’re taking a small but meaningful step toward a healthier planet.

Related Reading: Gardening from Seeds

Getting started with composting is easier than you might think, and the rewards are worth the effort. Once you know the basics, you’ll be able to kickstart compost preparation at home and create your own compost pile or bin.

Smiling gardener outside on sunny day working in her garden.

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Getting Started with Composting at Home

If the benefits of an at-home compost sound enticing, it’s time to learn all the ins and outs of the composting process.

Choosing a Composting Method

There are several ways to compost, and the best way to compost at home depends on your space, lifestyle, and goals. Here are three popular methods:

Backyard composting: Perfect if you have outdoor space. You can build or buy a compost bin and add yard waste, kitchen scraps, and paper products.
Vermicomposting: Great for indoor use if you have a space like a mud room, a large kitchen with a place out of the way, or a garage. This method uses worms to break down organic materials quickly, producing rich compost for your plants.
Indoor composting: Ideal for small spaces. Compact indoor systems, like countertop bins with carbon filters, allow you to compost without worrying about odors.

Selecting a Compost Bin

The right compost bin depends on your composting method and available space. For backyard composting, consider a large bin with a lid to keep pests out. For indoor composting, look for compact bins with tight seals to keep smells at bay. Vermicomposting requires a worm bin, which you can buy or easily build yourself.

Identifying Compostable Materials

Knowing what can and can’t go into your compost pile is key to success. Here's a breakdown:

Bright, colorful infographic details what green and brown materials can be composted.materials

By choosing the right method, bin, and materials, you’ll set yourself up for a thriving composting system. In the next section, we’ll cover how to maintain it.

Maintaining Your Compost Pile

Once you’ve started your compost pile or bin, maintaining it is essential to ensure the decomposition process runs smoothly. A properly maintained compost bin shouldn’t smell bad. Here are the key steps to keep your compost healthy and productive.

Balancing Green and Brown Materials

A successful compost pile relies on the right balance of green and brown materials. Green materials provide nitrogen, while brown materials supply carbon. Aim for a ratio of about two to three parts brown to one part green. Too much green material can cause odors, while too much brown material slows decomposition. Layering greens and browns can help maintain balance.

Here’s a cheat sheet (along with materials you cannot add to the compost pile):

Type of Compost	OK to Compost	Not OK to Compost
GREENS	Fresh grass and yard clippings Manure from cows, horses, or chickens Fruit and vegetable scraps Bread, rice, pasta (non-greasy) Coffee grounds Eggshells Tea bags Nutshells	Herbicide-treated clippings Seed heads and roots for invasive weeds like ivy, morning glory, crabgrass, and so on Pet waste Meat, poultry, fish Fat or oil Greasy food scraps Dairy products and eggs
BROWNS	Dried leaves Twigs and small branches Hay and straw Woodchips, sawdust, or shavings Shredded paper, cardboard, paper towels Wood ashes	Evergreen leaves (a little is OK) Branches over a half-inch in diameter, blackberry stalks, and rose stems Treated wood Coated, colored, or wax paper Charcoal ashes

Turning the Pile and Aeration

Oxygen is crucial for the microbes (or worms) that break down your compost. To keep the process moving, turn your compost pile regularly with a pitchfork or compost aerator. If you’re using a bin, consider one with a tumbler feature to make turning easier. Proper aeration prevents odors and helps materials decompose evenly.

Monitoring Moisture Levels

Your compost should feel like a wrung-out sponge — not too wet, not too dry. If it’s too dry, decomposition will slow. If it’s too wet, it can become soggy and smelly. Add a little water or moistened newspapers or cardboard if it’s too dry. To soak up excess moisture, mix in dry brown materials, like shredded paper or leaves.

Keeping Pests Away

To avoid attracting pests, bury food scraps under a layer of brown materials or stir them in thoroughly, and make sure your bin or pile is securely covered. Avoid adding meats, dairy, or oily foods, as these are especially attractive to rodents and insects.

Colorful infographic provides five steps on how to compost at your home.

With these maintenance tips, your compost pile will stay active and efficient, turning your kitchen and yard waste into valuable compost. Next, we’ll address common issues and how to fix them.

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Troubleshooting Common Composting Issues

Even the best-maintained compost pile can face challenges. Here are some common problems and how to solve them.

Odor Problems

If your compost pile smells bad, it’s likely due to an imbalance of materials or poor aeration. Here’s what to do:

Cause: Too much green material (nitrogen-rich items like food scraps).
Solution: Add more brown materials, such as dry leaves or cardboard, to absorb moisture and balance the pile.
Cause: Lack of oxygen.
Solution: Turn the pile more frequently to aerate it.

A healthy compost pile should smell earthy, not sour or rotten. Regular turning and proper layering can prevent odors.

Pest Control

Finding pests in your compost can be frustrating, but it’s usually avoidable with the right precautions:

Cause: Exposure to food scraps.
Solution: Always bury food scraps under a layer of brown materials to keep them out of sight.
Cause: Inadequate bin or pile covering.
Solution: Use a secure bin with a tight-fitting lid or cover the pile with a tarp.

By managing your compost properly, you can keep unwanted visitors away and focus on creating nutrient-rich soil.

Slow Decomposition

If your compost pile isn’t breaking down as quickly as expected, it may need a little adjustment:

Cause: Imbalanced materials.
Solution: Ensure you have the right mix of greens and browns. If the pile is dry, add a little water, or add some dry brown materials if it’s too wet.
Cause: Lack of aeration.
Solution: Turn the pile more frequently to introduce oxygen.

With some troubleshooting, you can quickly get your compost pile back on track and produce high-quality compost.

Up next, we’ll cover how to harvest and use your finished compost.

Harvesting and Using Finished Compost

After weeks or months of care, your compost will have “matured” and be ready to use. Finished compost, also called "black gold," has a few distinct characteristics:

Texture: It’s dark, crumbly, and soil-like.
Smell: It has a pleasant, earthy odor.
Appearance: You shouldn’t see any recognizable food scraps or large chunks of materials.

If your compost still has visible scraps or hasn’t fully broken down, give it more time and continue turning the pile occasionally.

Harvesting Compost

To collect your finished compost:

Separate the compost: Use a screen or sieve to separate large, unfinished pieces (and worms) from the finished compost. Return the unfinished bits (and worms!) to your bin or pile for further decomposition.
Shovel it out: If you’re using a compost bin or pile, simply shovel out the ready compost from the bottom.
Worm tea: If you are composting using worms, your bin should have two layers or compartments. The liquid that the worms produce during the decomposition process is called worm tea, and it is rich in nutrients. Many bins have holes in the top compartment that allow the liquid to move to the bottom bin. From there, you can drain it off and pour it onto your garden, either at full strength or diluted.

Using Your Compost

Compost is a powerful soil amendment with many uses:

Garden beds: Mix it into your flower, vegetable, or herb garden to improve soil fertility.
Mulch: Spread a layer of compost around plants to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
Potting mix: Combine compost with potting soil to create a nutrient-rich blend for container plants.

Now that you have started your own composting project, here are more gardening tips to help you make your garden grow:

Want More Time to Focus on Composting? Protect Your Kitchen's Helpful Tools

Composting is a simple and rewarding way to reduce waste, improve your garden, and contribute to a healthier planet. With its versatility and benefits, finished compost can transform your garden and reduce your reliance on chemical fertilizers. By following the steps in our guide, you can create nutrient-rich compost for your plants.

As you integrate composting into your routine, remember how important it is to maintain helpful kitchen tools like the trash compactor and garbage disposal. These two workhorses help simplify and reduce the volume of kitchen waste that you cannot add to your compost pile.

To keep your garbage disposal and trash compactor running smoothly, be sure to clean them regularly and resolve problems promptly. Protecting them and other appliances and home systems with a First American home warranty helps give you peace of mind knowing that when a covered item breaks down, you have a convenient repair/replacement solution. Get a free quote today to learn more.

The contents of this article are provided for general guidance only. First American Home Warranty does not assume any responsibility for losses or damages as a result of using this information.